Oncolgy

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Surgical Oncology

Surgical oncology

  • Breast Cancer: Lumpectomy (removal of a tumor and some surrounding tissue), mastectomy (removal of the entire breast), and sentinel lymph node biopsy.
  • Colorectal Cancer: Colectomy (removal of part or all of the colon).
  • Pancreatic Cancer: Whipple procedure (removal of the head of the pancreas, part of the small intestine, and gallbladder).
  • Melanoma: Wide local excision with primary flap reconstruction.
  • Sarcoma: Resection of abdominal and retroperitoneal sarcomas.

Gynaecological Oncology

  • Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus, often performed for uterine or cervical cancer.
  • Radical Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus, cervix, and surrounding tissues, used for certain cervical cancers.
  • Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy: Removal of both fallopian tubes and ovaries, sometimes performed as part of endometrial cancer staging or treatment.
  • Radical Vulvectomy: Removal of the vulva and surrounding tissues, used for vulvar cancer.
  • Cytoreductive Surgery: Surgical removal of as much of the tumor as possible, followed by chemotherapy, used for ovarian cancer.
  • Laparoscopic Surgery: Minimally invasive surgery using small incisions and a camera, often used in gynecologic oncology.
  • Robotic Surgery: A type of minimally invasive surgery that uses robotic arms for greater precision and dexterity.
  • Omentectomy: Removal of the omentum (a fatty apron-like tissue in the abdomen), often done during gynecologic cancer surgery.
  • Lymph Node Removal: Removal of lymph nodes in the pelvis or abdomen to check for cancer spread, often done during staging surgeries.
  • Pelvic Exenteration: A complex surgery to remove the pelvic organs, including the uterus, bladder, and rectum, used in certain cases of advanced cancer.
  • Sentinel Node Mapping: A procedure to identify and remove the first lymph node that drains cancer cells, used to assess the risk of cancer spread.
  • Complex Pelvic Surgery: Gynecologic oncologists are trained to perform highly specialized surgical procedures for complex, benign gynecologic conditions.

Radiation Oncology

External Beam Radiation Therapy:

  • How it works: A machine directs high-energy beams of radiation at the cancer from outside the body.
  • Examples: 3D conformal radiation therapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), proton therapy.

Brachytherapy (Internal Radiation Therapy):

  • How it works: Radioactive material is placed inside the body, near the cancer, to deliver radiation directly to the tumor.
  • Examples: Seeds, ribbons, or capsules containing a radiation source are placed in the body.

Systemic Radiation Therapy:

  • How it works: Radioactive substances are swallowed or injected and travel through the bloodstream to locate and destroy cancer cells.
  • Examples: Radioactive iodine therapy.

Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT):

  • How it works: Radiation is delivered directly to a surgically exposed tumor during surgery.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery:

  • How it works: Delivers a high dose of radiation to a small area with great precision, often used for brain tumors.

Haemato oncology

This specialty combines both hematology and oncology, with hematologic oncologists trained to diagnose and treat blood cancers and blood-related disorders, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. 

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